Geronimo, Apache: A Defined Leader Essay

Geronimo, or Goyathlay, was a great leader from the Native American Bendokohe Apache tribe. Although Geronimo was not a chief, the tribe depended on the wisdom of his position as medicine man. Geronimo gathered such influence that he led the last force to formally capitulate to the United States by upholding the core Apache values that embody aspects that define a leader: aggressiveness, diligence, and courage. Geronimo displayed the core values of the Apache tribe, that of courage, diligence, and aggressiveness. These core values were what kept them relatively safe from the increasing white settlement of the west, including Arizona and New Mexico (theinitialjourney.com.) Aggressiveness, or assertiveness, and diligence are key aspects of a leader. A leader must be assertive as well as persistent in order to maintain a certain level of self-confidence and influence over those who are being led, even in the face of adversity. Geronimo was a great example of an assertive leader. Geronimo led the last major Native American Fighting force to surrender to the United States; thus having the longest resistance period. Upon the discovery that his mother, wife, and his three young children had been murdered by Spanish troops, he vowed to avenge his family by retaliating against as many Mexican settlements as possible. It was not until this time that he received his ‘power’ of seeing visi ons (Indigenouspeople.net.) It was because Geronimo held out the fight for so long, that he became the most famous Apache of all. By asserting himself and applying himself in order to uphold his values of family and justice, Geronimo became an essential force as medicine man, acting in and out of combat as a spiritual and intellectual leader of the people (not a chief.) He escaped from a reservation three times, the final time bringing thirty five warriors and one hundred nine women and children into freedom. It was through these acts that Geronimo transcended above and beyond advisor. Geronimo became an icon of freedom and persistence in the face of difficulty (indiginouspeople.net.) Through assertiveness and diligence, Geronimo led his people towards their goal of freedom, also exhibiting another leadership trait: courage. Geronimo was exceptionally courageous in the face of difficulty. After vowing to avenge his family and tribe after their murder was an extreme test of character and will. It was a desire for freedom that continued his ability to evade capture. â€Å"Geronimo, the most legendary Apache war leader, along with seventeen warriors, fourteen women, and six children had evaded capture despite pursuit by 5,000 U.S. troops, 3,000 Mexican soldiers, and numerous Indian scouts for more than six months. To the U.S. Army and the settlers in the area, the supremely resilient and determined Geronimo had personified the Apache problem and every raid on a village or wagon train was attributed to him. In the years following his surrender, Geronimo came to personify resilience in the face of overwhelming odds.† Tfaoi.com Geronimo became a legendary force against the involuntary capture of Native American Apaches. His courage against adversity compelled many to follow him. His statements of â€Å"coming from a land with no enclosures† inspired people to follow a dream of living simply as they once did; without white influence (indigenouspeople.net.) It was though this notion of courage to follow one’s true intuition in life. Geronimo was an exceptional leader, exuding leadership through the qualities of assertiveness, diligence, and courage. Geronimo led his people to freedom against white influence many a time over, evading capture the longest out of all Native American fighting forces. It was through diligence in repetition of effort, assertiveness of his character and moral intuition, and courage in the face of danger and difficulty that makes Geronimo a great leader. Works Cited: www.indigenouspeople.net/geronimo.htm http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa494b.htm www.theinitialjourney.com/features/geronimo_01.html

An Inspector Calls Essay

I am writing to you about a film I would like you to play a part in. It’s called An Inspector Calls, it is set in Brumley, an industrial city in the north midlands, 1912. The play is about a young woman named Eva Smith who commits suicide after an unfortunate line of events. An inspector talks to the whole family one by one as they are all involved one way or another. Priestley was trying to show his audience that we can not go on being self obsessed and should think how our actions affect other people. He uses the Birling family as an example of a capitalistic family in the upper class in 1912, who had no care for other people. Shelia is a pretty girl 22 years old, she doesn’t have a job as her parents (Mr. Arthur Birling and Mrs. Sybil Birling) are quite well off. In act one Shelia beings the play as a self-centred and likes attention. She recently got engaged. When she is first shown the picture of Eva Smith she recognises her with a little cry and then runs out of the room, as she is upset that she played a part in an innocent girls death. Shelia first met Eva when she was at Milwards to try on some dresses for a party she was going to. As she tried on a gorgeous dress she caught sight of Eva ( who was working at Milwards at the time, as a shop assistant ) she saw Eva smiling at the other shop assistant as if to say † doesn’t it look awful â€Å". This just made Shelia loose her temper, as she was already in a bad mood that day, so she went straight to the manger and told him this girl had to be sacked otherwise her and her mother would close their account with them. She wouldn’t have cared, its just Eva was so pretty with her big dark eyes, and the dress looked perfect on her. She was just jealous of Eva and acted out of jealously and petty spite. Sheila almost respects the Inspector’s way of handling things and begins to see the world according to his values. She was rather concerned for Eva and couldn’t believe she partly caused her suicide also she was genuinely upset about the death of Eva and how she was involved. During the second act she learns of everyone else’s involvement in the case. When she sees Gerald’s reaction to the name Daisy Renton she knows straight away that Gerald had some history with the girl. Gerald says that Shelia only wants to watch him being asked questions so she can watch some one else go through it, this obviously offends her and she questions whether Gerald really knows her. She hears Gerald’s questioning and soon finds out that Gerald met Eva in the palace bar one night after going to watch a show. He went down and had a few drinks, and noticed Eva as they started talking she gave him a false name so he new her a Daisy Renton. After hearing all this she breaks of her relationship to Gerald as she thinks she doesn’t know him any more. When inspector Goole questions Mrs. Birling Shelia discovers that Eva went to her mother for help and appealed to Mrs. Birling’s charitable committee because she had now money and no place to stay and she was pregnant. Mrs. Birling used her power over the committee to have Eva’s case refused and when Shelia discovered that her mother had been so cold she was outraged. She thought what her mother did was cruel and vile, especially as Eva was pregnant. When she realised that Eric was the man who had got Eva pregnant and tried giving her stolen money she was quite understanding of his involvement. During this act you can see Shelia growing as a character and in a way changing. She has been quite helpful to the inspector and sort of looked up to him in a way by agreeing with everything he says and answering all questions even if they weren’t directed at her. In act three Shelia’s attitude has almost completely changed she says she’s behaved badly and she’s ashamed of it. When the inspector left Shelia was the first person to question whether he was a police inspector or not, she doesn’t seem to care if he was a fake because she believes it should have made them all realise what they had done wrong and change but the only people who did realise what had gone wrong and the only people who had actually changed where her and Eric. She believes that the truth came out that night and made everyone confess and that is the only important thing that happened that night, not whether or not the inspector was a police inspector or not. When Shelia talks to certain people she is a confident speak † I should jolly well think not†, this shows she’s not afraid to stand up 4 her self or against other people. She asks a lot of questions and had a great deal of curiosity about the case â€Å"What was she like?†, â€Å"Was she young?†, â€Å"What was her name?†, these quotations show that she is eager to know all the information that people will tell her and she wants to know everything. When you play Shelia when you talk about Eva you should sounds slightly distressed and concerned, â€Å"Sorry its just I can help thinking about this girl destroying herself so horribly†, she obviously is in a great deal of distress when she talks about Eva and thinks about her death and how she was a part of it. Also she questions her fathers decisions a lot â€Å"I think sacking her was a mean thing to do†, â€Å"These girls aren’t cheap labour they are people†. When your playing Shelia you must remember that during act 1 you should be quite snobby and self-centred as Shelia only thought about her self and she was a jealous character. During act 2 you can start the see the changes so don’t forget to start being more sympathetic towards other peoples stories involving Eva. In act 3 you can she that the change in her attitude is complete as she learns her responsibilities of others less fortunate and is sensitive towards others and their feelings. Also I think you should wear a dress of that period or something along those lines to do with the upper class fashion during 1912.

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Example For Students

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Microsoft Windows 98 README for Online Services and Internet Service ProvidersApril 1998 (c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENTTo view the document on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Services.txt, open it in Notepad, and then on the File menu, click Print. CONTENTSOVERVIEWPRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTSTO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNTTO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNTOVERVIEW========The online services and Internet service providers (ISPs) listed in this folder are made available for your convenience. You can select any of the available online services or Internet service providers you like. PRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTS============================By selecting an online service or Internet service provider (ISP) listed in this folder, you are establishing an account with that company directly, not with Microsoft Corporation. The service you select can provide you with specific payment instructions. Microsoft does not provide technical support for the services that your online service or ISP renders. If you have any questions concerning a particular online services or Internet service providers policies or content, contact them directly. Technical Support contact information for the online services/ISPs in this folder are listed below. America Online (in the U.S.)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 (800) 827-3338Sales and Billing: 1 (800) 827-6364America Online (in the U.K.)-Telephone: Technical Support Customer Service Centre: 0800 279-7444General Inquiries: 0800 376-5432Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. AOL Canada (in Canada)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 888 265-4357General Inquiries: 1 888 265-4357Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. ATT WorldNet Service Telephone (U.S., Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands):Technical Support: 1 800 400-1447General Inquiries: 1 800 967-5363Online:Members should get support at http://www.worldnet.att.net/careGeneral information for non-members is available at http://www.att.netCompuServe (in the U.S. and Canada)Telephone:Customer Service: 1 (800) 848-8990Signup Support: 1 (800) 336-6823Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. CompuServe (in the U.K.)Telephone:Customer Service:0990 000-400Signup Support:0990 134-819Technical Support:0990 000-100Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. For real-time technical support, type GO UKHF to access the UK Help Forum. The Microsoft Network (MSN)Telephone:Dial 888-MSN-TIPS (888-676-8477) for FastTips on MSN issues. Customer Service:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 800-386-5550Canada (French) 800-952-1110Canada TDD (English) 800-840-9890United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 800-386-5550United States TDD 800-840-9890If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Customer assistance. Technical Support:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 425-635-7019Canada (French) 425-635-7020Canada TDD (English) 425-635-4948United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 425-635-7019United States TDD 425-635-4948If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Technical assistance. Online:Click MSN Member Support E-mail to send in your question. Prodigy Internet-Telephone (U.S. and Canada only):Customer Service: 1 (800) 213-0992Signup Support: 1 (800) 213-0992Online:To access online assistance, go to HELP. TO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNT=======================If you decide to select one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular online service or Internet service provider in the Online Services folder on the desktop. This begins the installation process for setting up access to that service on your computer. TO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNT==================================================If you already have an account established with one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular service in the Online Services folder on the desktop to begin the installation process for use with your existing account. Each online service/ISP is responsible for the way this process is handled.

Reaction essay of The Art of Lying By Gerald Torto

Reaction of The Art of Lying By Gerald Torto - Essay Example Effective lying may be hampered by an emotional relationship between the liar and those he/she knows because they can easily detect behavioral changes when one is lying. Psychopath lairs such as politicians show no guilt when lying and are thus able to convince others that they are telling the truth. There is also a co-relation between the symmetry of the face and the art of lying with psychologists citing that attractive people are easily trusted as opposed to unattractive people. Children who lie and get away with it develop a knack for lying thus becoming pathological liars. People with low self esteem also become habitual liars as they exaggerate facts to appear better than they actually are. It is often almost impossible to detect liars without the help of polygraph or brain printing machines, but common indicators include long pauses while talking, omission of details such as names and places, intensive facial expressions when

Biography of school principal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biography of school principal - Essay Example The researcher starts that his school principal Mr. X joined the school management some five years ago. Apparently, he was a very strict person with serious looks. He was a retired army officer who served the nation for more than 40 years. He was at the post of Major when he was retired and before his retirement, he had planned about his future career and that was to join some educational institution. He was Masters in Business Administration and therefore he was fit for the job requirements of a principal. When the author first saw him the researcher found him to be very sturdy, stringent, yet elegant and of course very disciplined. Despite his complete soldier looks and attitude, he possessed a very attractive and decent personality. But now when the author met him for the sake of interview he found him very different from what he was previously probably the Erikson’s development theory was working its way. He was born in a family who was closely affiliated with the services in army, navy and air force. His father was also an army general. He had five siblings and he was the third child of his parents. He was completely looked after by his mother in his infancy and childhood since his father was usually on his duty. According to the Erickson’s developmental stages, he was at the first stage when he started developing mistrust about his father as he was not available to give him care and affection that an infant requires. In his early childhood when he was around 2.5 years old his toilet training was started.

Land, identity, and colonial dispossession Aboriginal and settler Essay

Land, identity, and colonial dispossession Aboriginal and settler relations in Australia - Essay Example The government of Australia in 1991 began the process of reconciliation so as to progressively address the legacy of colonial injustice (Green, 2011: p34). However, the framing of policy to this end has been restrictive, while the lack of a political will has also hindered any progress in reconciliation and justice for indigenous aborigines. This has resulted in tensions between the national humans right regimes and internationally acknowledged standards of human rights. Short (2003: p292) argues that there were no formal settlement or treaty involved in the colonization of Australia with the colonizers arguing that the Australian Aborigines could not sign any settlement because Australia was not occupied prior to its colonization, which has meant that Australia’s indigenous people have been subjected racism and injustice. Despite the Council of Aboriginal Reconciliation Act of 1991 that was meant to kick-start the process of reconciliation between Australian society and the indigenous Aborigines of Australia after centuries of dispossession and dispersion of the latter, there was no provision for justice for the Aborigines. This had the effect of limiting the aspirations of the indigenous Aborigines. Therefore, Short (2003: p293) claims that the Act does not seek to atone for the injustice suffered by the Aborigines and, in fact, attempt to pursue an agenda of assimilation as another phase in the process of total colonization of Australia. A s such, it is the writer’s belief that any attempt at reconciliation should seek to reflect the aspirations of the indigenous Aborigines more closely, specifically by addressing the issue of internal colonization. While the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Act of 1991 officially seeks to enhance the relationship between Australia’s Aborigines and the former colonialists, while also enhancing understanding of the

Computed Tomography (CT scan) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Computed Tomography (CT scan) - Research Paper Example The last two decades have seen popularity in terms of the increase of usage and new technological implications that can enhance this machine to produce even more detailed imaging solutions in the future. That being said, the potential side effects of this imaging that have been known to cause cancer or kidney problems in most cases, make a strong case against the development and use of such a technology. This paper will elaborate on the technology and its usage with a study on the potential side effects of this kind of imaging. It will also shed light on is wide spread application in today’s medical world and means through which the harmful implications from the use of radiation technology of CT scanning can be minimized. The word tomography is derived from the Greek language where ‘tomo’ means ‘slice’ and ‘graphien’ means ‘write’ (Medical News Today, 2013). The technology basically involves the creation of 3-D imaging with the help of many 2-D images taken of the body, referring to the ‘slicing’ of images. First introduced in the 1970s, the technology has come a long way as far as the mechanism and clinical usage patterns of this technology are concerned. Starting off with the technology itself, computing tomography or Ct scanning conventionally makes use of an x-ray tube and sensory detectors that rotate behind the circular surface of the scanning head. Several functional options enable doctors to focus on a specialized scan that may be used to evaluate a specific body part for example blood vessels, nerves or bones. As the rotation takes place several mages are captured and collected as sonograms. These multiple sonograms are then made into information that can be interpreted. Sonograms combine through tomographic reconstruction to produce a series of cross sectional images. There are various types of mathematical and geometric techniques that can be used for this conversion, like linear algebra, filtered back

Disaster Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Management - Essay Example He/ she is also responsible for organizing and integrating a team that aims at rescuing and preventing further damage and deaths of people and domestic animals by the calamity. The chain of command is as follows. At the top most is the disaster commander who is in charge and responsible for the whole situation. Immediately under the disaster commander are the public information officer and liaison officers. The public information officer should understand principles of risks in communication. He/she is responsible for giving accurate public health information to the public and collaborating agencies. His/her role is to ensure that the message is consistent. The liaison officer, on the other hand, serves as a point of contact for supporting agencies and answering their questions and providing briefings whenever necessary. The officer also prevents the agencies from being bombarded with questions and requests. The next level includes the operations chief officer whose main work is to d evelop and implement strategies and tactics with the aim of carrying out incident objectives. He is responsible for organizing tactic resources and ensuring that there is good communication with the people delivering the resources. The planning chief officer also falls in this level and he/she is responsible for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information. The personnel are responsible for compiling an incident action plan and focusing on what might come next within the incident. The personnel should possess qualities of good written and communication skills. Within the same level, the logistics chief officer is responsible for acquiring space and supplying equipment necessary for the incident. He/she should be fast, accurate, and precise. Finally, within the same level, a chief finance officer is responsible for ensuring proper contractual and financial processes are in place. He/she also ensures that the resources ordered are available and expanded if necessary. The financ ial officer should be familiar with financial systems and able to keep accurate financial data. The spilled carbon monoxide, oil, and many more hazards present within the residential houses are some of the environmental issues the public nurse has to deal with but are beyond her field of operation. Incidences of power loss and damage of houses are also beyond her area of operation, hence the need to work with different agencies in order to facilitate quick and prompt rescue mission. The health nurse relocates victims from their houses to safer shades in case of flooding. Under circumstances when clean water is not available, the public health nurse advices on drinking of boiled water and bottled water. In case of oil spillage and paints in a residential house, the health nurse contacts an environmental specialist to advice on how to clean up household hazards. The public health officer also helps victims through decision-making by being caring, understanding, and listening to their fears. He/she also helps the victims reduce anxiety and pressure. Under situations where the victim does not speak or understand English, the public health nurse uses gestures to communicate. This helps the nurse to go through the victim’

Can Teaching The Key Ideas Of Object Orientation Be Aided By Using Dissertation

Can Teaching The Key Ideas Of Object Orientation Be Aided By Using Visual Representations - Dissertation Example Object oriented programming, however, remains an outstanding anomaly when it comes to teaching the concepts and the comprehension thereof. Much as it is difficult to introduce object oriented programming to novice, it also remains a nightmare to experienced procedural programmers to grasp the anthropomorphic perspective necessary for object-oriented design. Below are some of the shortcomings encountered when introducing (OOP) to a novice Paradigm shift. According to Schoenfeld et al. (1993) replacing one idea with another is not a simple task. Why then is OOP difficult for learners to comprehend Well to be able to answer this question perhaps we need to turn around, and view this menace from this spectrum; when should object-oriented programming be taught Due to the fact that Object oriented programming was considered as an advanced subject that was taught late in the curriculum, this must have dealt a mega psychological blow upon the minds of the learners. This is slowly changing: more Universities have started to teach object-orientation in their first programming course. The main reason for doing this is the often-cited problem of the paradigm shift. Learning to program in an object-oriented style seems to be very difficult after being used to a procedural style. (Anecdotal evidence, 1999 indicates that it takes the average programmer 6 to 18 months to switch her mind-set from a procedural to an object-oriented view of the world. ) Experience, on the other hand, also shows that students do not seem to have any difficulty-understanding object oriented principles when they encounter them for the first time. Global Regression. It is the switch... Paradigm shift. According to Schoenfeld et al. (1993) replacing one idea with another is not a simple task. Why then is OOP difficult for learners to comprehend Well to be able to answer this question perhaps we need to turn around, and view this menace from this spectrum; when should object-oriented programming be taught Due to the fact that Object oriented programming was considered as an advanced subject that was taught late in the curriculum, this must have dealt a mega psychological blow upon the minds of the learners. This is slowly changing: more Universities have started to teach object-orientation in their first programming course. The main reason for doing this is the often-cited problem of the paradigm shift. Learning to program in an object-oriented style seems to be very difficult after being used to a procedural style. (Anecdotal evidence, 1999 indicates that it takes the average programmer 6 to 18 months to switch her mind-set from a procedural to an object-oriented view of the world. ) Experience, on the other hand, also shows that students do not seem to have any difficulty-understanding object oriented principles when they encounter them for the first time. Global Regression. It is the switch that is difficult, not object-orientation, for instance getting the learner to give up the global knowledge of control that is possible with procedural programs, and rely on the local knowledge of objects to accomplish their tasks. Novice designs are littered with regressions to global thinking:

Religious Ethics Essay Example for Free

Religious Ethics Essay In this essay, I will be taking religious ethics to mean the ethical principles of Christianity, i.e. Christian Ethics. This includes the moral decisions based on the teachings of Christianity from such sources as the Bible. The term environmental issues covers a broad spectrum of concerns. As far as ethics is concerned, the issue is how far our moral concerns should extend to the environment and how we should live out our responsibility towards it. By environment, the earth and all its living entities are concerned. As our concern for the environment has increased and our general awareness heightened, debates about morality towards the environment have emerged. Issues such as climate change, pollution, global warming and the extinction of species can all be linked to the actions of humans (e.g. CFCs and the burning of fossil fuels). Therefore, as the damage to our environment becomes more problematic, the link between its deterioration and the actions of humans becomes more prominent. Anthropocenctrism, usually attributed to the teachings of Christianity, places humans at the centre of the world and therefore the environment. Aristotle taught that nature has made all things specifically for the sake of man; he basically states that humans are the only beings on earth that have intrinsic value, and that everything else placed on this earth has instrumental value and is to be used for the benefit of humans. Humanity is placed at the top of Aristotles hierarchy due to their possession of reason; animals can move and feel pain so come next; plants who can only grow and reproduce are placed at the bottom; and he appears to place no value on inanimate objects as they dont even have a vegetative soul. During the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the thinkers of the enlightenment period, also known as the age of reason, emphasised anthropocentric approaches and concluded that reason is the mark of authority. Scientific discoveries were made that bred confidence in mans ability and shifted philosophical thought away from the teaching that God and the church are the centre of morality. Capitalism emerged which taught emphasising the success of the individual. Immanuel Kant placed humans at the top of his hierarchy with their intrinsic worth due to their possession of reason. Kant also viewed animals as of no moral concern to humans; the only time it is wrong to hurt an animal is when it could instrumentally harm a human. However, by Kants reasoning that we can only have concern for animals if the impact is on humanity, he is contradicting himself as he looks to the consequence, which denotes it as a hypothetical imperative and therefore immoral. He also decides on moral action using formulations of the categorical imperative; 1. universalisability, where no contradictions can occur. Kant did not intend his theory to be used as an environmental ethic as it was not relevant at the time. 2. Kant declares that only moral rational agents need moral consideration as ends in themselves and we should exclude animals from moral worth which concludes it to be outdates and unsuitable to be used as an environmental ethic. Therefore, Kants ethic is likely to be an unsympathetic approach and would probably lead to damage to the environment. Christian anthropocentrism is mainly derived from the teachings of Genesis. The creation story (Genesis (1:26-28) teaches us to fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth. This implies that God has made all things for the sake of humans; that the only beings upon this earth that have intrinsic value are humans, and that everything else serves to benefit humanity (instrumental value). The only reason we need to have care for the environment is because our actions may have an impact, sooner or later, upon ourselves. St Thomas Aquinas also held this belief and stated that injury to an animals leads to the temporal hurt of man, either the doer of the deed, or of another. Dr Lynn White suggested that we need to re-examine our attitudes towards nature, which derive from our religious beliefs, in order to successfully address the ecological crises. He said Human ecology is deeply conditioned by beliefs about our nature and destiny that is, by religion. He develops this suggesting that our destruction and damage to the environment can be traced to the technological advances of the industrial revolution and the enlightenment period which are a result of the despotic interpretation of the Judeo-Christian teachings declaring Western Christianity as the most anthropocentric religion the world has seen. Utilitarianism is another approach towards ecological issues that one can consider when deciding the best approach towards environmental issues. Peter Singer is a preference utilitarian, who doesnt measure happiness in the measure of extent or duration of happiness but instead on the satisfaction of desires or preferences. Singer measures the importance of an individual or being, not on their possession of a soul or reason, but on their ability to suffer. To Singer, it doesnt matter whether the being in question is human or not and both humans and sensory non-humans are equally entitled to moral concern. As we can imagine that their preference would be to avoid pain. He accused many moral philosophers and scientists of Speceism; refusing respect to the lives of other species, not just humans, and proposed that we need to include animals in the expanding circle of moral worth; If possessing a higher intelligence does not entitle one human to use another for his own ends, how can it entitle humans to exploit non humans for the same purpose?. The problem that arises from Singers theory is whether or not plants, and lesser life forms and non-life forms are included in the expanding circle of moral worth as they are not conscious living entities so we dont know what their preferences would be. Initially, Singer does not consider lesser life forms to have any moral significance, but in the second edition of his book states the argument from intrinsic value of the plants, species or eco systems is at best problematic. Singers utilitarian argument has weaknesses in so far as it has no clear boundaries as to where our moral concern should lie. Unlike Christianitys anthropocentric approach which clearly places humanity as the centre of our moral concern, Utilitarianism only beholds vague ideas of where our moral concern should extend to. The utilitarian argument has its strength in its positioning of the capability of suffering above the possession of reason. This does bear a more sympathetic approach towards humans of lesser intelligence (i.e. those with special needs) but then suggests that they are on the same level as animals. This would suggest Christianity to be a better approach as it is more compassionate. Biocentrism, proposed by Paul Taylor, extends the circle of moral worth to include all living things and thus declares that humanity is not the centre of existence. Taylor argues that all life forms have intrinsic value which human beings have a duty to respect. We therefore have a moral responsibility towards them which would entail engaging in practices and policies aimed at specific ways of preserving the ecosystems. Taylor holds non-living things such as mountains to only hold instrumental value and therefore they bare no ethical status. Taylors argument is fairly balanced as it doesnt presume that human beings are the only beings with intrinsic value but he fails to introduce any sort of hierarchy and places humans on the same level as bacteria, which seems absurd. He also implies that we should all be vegans, but fails to address this, and doesnt consider whether a lion is acting immorally if it eats a zebra. Christianity therefore is more logical as it sets a clear hierarchy which allows mowing the lawn and eating meat. Ecocentrism is another approach to environmental issues. It recognises the importance of the ecosphere and the environment with out suggesting that any organism as more important than the other. Aldo Leopold proposed an ecocentric theory; The Land Ethic which simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soil, waters, plants and animals. Or collectively the land. He argued that current conservation policies are based on economic motives. He says it is inconceivable to me than an ethical relation to land can exist without love, respect, and admiration for land and a high regard for its value. By value, I of course mean something far broader than mere economic value; I mean value in the philosophical sense. He argues that Christianitys teachings of dominion saw us as conquerors of the land and that if we are to resolve the ecological crises we need to see ourselves as members of the community that also includes the land. Another ecocentric approach is that of deep ecology devised by Arne Naess. It was born out of appreciation for non-Christian religions that recognised the sacredness of natural phenomena. This includes the notion of biospheric egalitarianism which views that all living things have intrinsic value. Deep ecology views the world as a network of interconnected and interdependent phenomena; a web of life. These theories fail to determine how lesser life forms could have any moral interest, and how mountains and the like could have any moral interests whatsoever. This weakens it as Christianity. However it does appear to be more sympathetic as it concludes that other life forms have intrinsic value, not just humans. Another ecocentric approach is that of the Gaia Hypothesis proposed by James Lovelock. After discovering that it is the earths unique atmosphere that makes life on earth possible, he declared the difference between earth and the other planets was Gaia. All life forms are part of Gaia and he saw the earth as a self regulating living system. In his words Gaia is a complex entity involving the Earths biosphere, atmosphere, oceans and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet. He saw the ecosystems of the earth as intelligently organised, not by God, but by Gaias self engineering. He concludes that if humans were taken out of Gaia, it would survive without us; therefore, humanity is not integral to the environment. Lovelock later suggested that as the environmental issues increase, the planet may not be able to recover and we are in the process of killing the earth, which he refers to as matricide. This suggestion that the earth is intelligently organised has much evidence (for example the water cycle, the reproductive system). However, by suggesting that the earth is alive and therefore self regulates these systems is weak as it is hard to prove. For Christians, the intelligent organisation is of course a result of God. The despotic readings of the creation story present Christianity negatively as White argues. Because we are made in the image of God we believe that the world was made for our sake only. However, one must look at other interpretations of Christian teachings that would suggest a more considerate approach to the environment. One could interpret the use of the word dominion no as despotic, but as a call for stewardship. God has chosen humanity to regulate the response of the natural world to its creator so we must care and conserve and acts as the director of natures obedience to God. This makes Christian teaching more theocentric than anthropocentric as it suggests that the peak of creation is God. If we used this as a basic principle when approaching environmental issues, then it would be a strong theory, as it allows humanity to care for the land. Aquinass Natural Law theory is based on the thinking of Aristotle, that all things in nature are for the good of man. He extends this further to explain how things are not worthless, but valuable because they are what God intended them to be; they fulfil their own Telos. Humans are declared as the most valuable beings due to their creation in imago dei and possession of reason but we should follow stewardship rather than despotism. This would however suggest that despite the strengths of being stewards, being a Christian Ethic, one must have a belief in God to conclude this to be a valid approach to environmental issues. Another Christian approach is Joseph Fletchers Situation Ethics which emphasises the importance of love in moral decisions, but was never considered an environmental ethic. Fletcher believed in personalism; that people are placed before the laws, again being anthropocentric in that we are suggested to be able to do what we want. He promoted pragmatism; that one must do something that would produced the most loving consequences in that situation. This would be a positive approach to the environment as people would be loving towards it. This could perhaps places the environment second to human needs which would be a negative attitude. However, Fletchers ethic is too vague to be considered in any depth as we cant define what is the most loving thing, who its for or even what love means. Attfield suggests a deeper interpretation of Christian teachings in order to accurately devise an ethical basis towards the environment. He saw that in Job (38:25) for example, God is said to send rain for the plants and uninhabited wilderness. And to have made wilderness for the Ass. Also the proverbs inform us that a righteous man regardeth the life of his beast. This would be the understanding that Jesus would have had, following the Old Testament teachings. There are New Testament teachings that would instruct a more sympathetic attitude to nature such as Jesus time in the desert amongst wild beasts after his baptism, and the use of nature and animals in his teachings and parables. However, there are the passages of the Gadarene swine and the cursing of the fig tree that suggest a more inconsiderate attitude is permitted. In Hebrew tradition, Kings were answerable to God, not absolute monarchs in themselves, therefore according to Attfield the biblical dominion of man is no despotism. However, White argues that in medieval times the embrace of Christianity and the rejection of paganism changed the relationship between man and nature. The pagan ideas of living beings having a soul or a spirit (animism) encouraged a positive attitude towards nature, which were corrupted by the growth of Christianity. Attfield however counter argues these claims and says the ecological crises cant be blamed on ancient traditions as they have happened in more recent times (post 1945). Japan, for example, which is not a Christian country, shares many of the environmental problems that the West has. It is not just paganism and Buddhism that impose a limit on humankinds use of nature. Attfield then concludes that we neednt have a new environmental position; we just need to revert to stewardship rather than dominion. Walter H OBriant proposed a born again Christian belief in the rapture; that Christ will return and the bodies and souls of the saved will go to heaven. The earth is, according to OBriant, a temporary home therefore it doesnt matter what we do to the earth. After considering the theories discussed and evaluating their strengths and weaknesses I would argue that religious ethics are the best approach to environmental issues, provided we revert to a more stewardship attitude, rather than the despotic interpretation.

Effect of Social Media on the World

Effect of Social Media on the World Social Media and how it changes the world Introduction What is social media? If you are or have been a user of Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, Youtube or any other similar stuffs like that, congratulations, you are a part of the social media. Yes, those mentioned above are social media. There are many different definitions given to what is social media however, all of the definitions given are similar to each other and all of them defined social media as a tool, a website or an application for users to create and share contents or to participate in social networking. It is like using Instagram, where you can create contents by capturing photos or recording video clips and sharing them by posting the photos or video clips you have just captured or recorded. As for social networking, in Instagram, users are able to leave comments and also leave a â€Å"like† for the contents posted if they think it is good or worthy or even if they just like it without any particular reasons. Social media has evolved throughout the years and t he number of users has increased drastically compared to when it just started. Social media has changed the world in many ways. Method of Literature Selection I have conducted an electronic database search through Tunku Abdul Rahman University College’s digital library. I have utilized the ACM Digital Library. The keywords used in the online database include social media, charity and fund raising. I have also conducted searches on the Measuring Media-based Social Interactions Provided by Smartphone Applications in Social Networks archive, Rethinking Measurements Of Social Media Use By Charities: A Mixed Methods Approach archive and Social Networked Media: Advances and Trends archive. I have chosen only the articles that were published within 5 years ago. The three articles which I have chosen to reference on were selected based on the relevancy to the topic of the essay. Connecting with people, raise funds like no other Social media is vastly used nowadays. The number of social media users increases so rapidly. The age of social media users gets younger and younger. Nobody really knows the real age of the youngest social media users. Social media is so widely used that any information including articles, videos, photos and etc. can be quickly transmitted to the world through the net. It is just a ‘share’ button away from letting people know what you have done today, letting people know about your opinion towards something, in short, it is just a button away from letting people know about your life and thoughts. Due to that, social media is used for various things. It is not only used just for social, it is also being used for business, advertising, as a customer relation management tool, global exposures, as an online meeting space, for entertainment purposes, educational purposes, fund raising, online shopping space, a space where people can get feedback about things, places, services, experience and food. The usage of social media is unlimited. It can do so many things that if I were to list them all out here, it would be a never-ending list. Users can do so much just by using a social media. A plus point for social media is that, it is free most of the time. For example, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Blogspot, WordPress, Tumblr, Youtube, Vine, Myspace, ChurpChurp, Schoology, Wechat, Whatsapp, Foursquare, Waze, Line, Friendster, Pinterest and etc. are all free to use. All of those mentioned above are free of charge. No fees are needed for registration. That is one of the main reasons why everyone chooses to use social media as it is free unless of course if anyone wants a premium or a special service, there would be an amount of fee being charged upon them depending on different social media. Although there are so many things social media can do, I am just going to focus on one thing that social media could do which is to help promote fund raising campaigns or a ctivities. According to Ebroul Izquierdo, internet has brought a great impact to our modern life. Human is a social animal. This is being reflected in the internet age too. Since the birth of online communication system, social network has become the most crucial thing in life. Social networking has become a must and a habit in mankind nowadays. As mentioned by Alan Keller Gomes and Maria da Graà §a Campos Pimentel, there are so many different applications for smartphones that allow users to connect to the social network or media even when they have only their smartphones in hands. Nowadays, it is rare to spot people without a smartphone that can let them connect to all kinds of social networks to connect to their friends online. As I was saying, social media helps a lot in raising funds nowadays. As mentioned by Christopher Phethean, Thanassis Tiropanis and Lisa Harris, social media services are being used to help and operate charities. The reasons why social media services are us ed continuously until today is because first and foremost, the low cost and unique opportunities that they are able to provide us and not just that, social media services too provide us with easily targeted and viral marketing that are unbelievably quick and very eye opening. It is something that we have never seen before to this scale. So, instead of the traditional way of raising funds which are maybe going around to ask for it which most of the time would not work as people like myself would think that it is a scam or advertising about it using banners, radios or television which people might ignore since we would still need to go to certain places to do certain charities which would be really troublesome, fund raising has revolutionized into something which we would need to just maybe leave a like or a comment or maybe just a view to do a charity. For example, they would have an agreement that the charity video can raise fund of 1 dollar for every 500 views which means if that v ideo has 300,000 views, the fund raised would be 600 dollars. This has been done by many famous Youtubers such as the most subscribed for now on Youtube, Pewdiepie, a gamer who records himself play games as an entertainment for us viewers, has done this kind of charity fund raising to raise fund to fight against water crisis and Michelle Phan, a makeup artist who teaches viewers especially girls on how to apply makeup, has also done this kind of charity fund raising as well but hers was to raise fund to help the victims of human trafficking to rebuild their lives. The examples mentioned are both using videos to raise funds, some other people would use a Facebook post or an Instagram post or even a blog post to raise funds. In my opinion, social media being used as a fund raising tool is by far the best way as it is the easiest and the most convenient way to raise fund as users would only have to click ‘like’ or type a few words in the comment box to leave a comment or r epost a post or other ways which involve mostly just clicking about to do a charity. There is no need for us to drop by a center just to do a charity anymore. It is also the fastest way to raise fund as well. Conclusion In conclusion, social media has changed the world in many ways and one of it is that it has revolutionized fund raising for charities into something easier and more convenient to be participated by users. Everybody can now do a good deed and participate in charities at home without the need to go out anymore. Even lazy people like me are able to help others just by clicking a button. Referencing Alan, G Maria, G 2011, ‘Measuring Media-based Social Interactions Provided Smartphone Applications in Social Networks’, SBNMA 11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM workshop on Social and behavioural networked media access, pp. 59-64. Christopher, P, Thanassis, T Lisa, H 2013, ‘Rethinking measurements of social media use by charities: a mixed methods approach’, WebSci 13Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference, pp. 296-305. Ebroul, I 2011, ‘Social networked media: advances and trends’, SBNMA 11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM workshop on Social and behavioural networked media access, pp. 1-2.

Stefan Edberg :: essays research papers

Stefan Edberg The tennisplayer Stefan Edberg is nowadays a legend in his sport. I met him myself in France in 1987. I was 8 years old. He and the other members of the Swedish Daviscup team were playing the Daviscup against France. However, before the training I met them in the lobby of their hotel in Frà ©jus. My father knew the Swedish captain of the team so we could watch them training.After that Stefan has been one of my idols. I play tennis a lot myself. But now to the story about Stefan Edberg. Saw the ad His career started when the local paper in Và ¤stervik ( the town where he was born ) had an advertisement about mini-tennis in the early 70s. It said †Day of tennis†.Luckily his mother Barbro read the article and liked it. The day after she sent her son to the tennis-school for beginners. At that time she didn't know how important this initiative would be to Stefan, to Swedish tennis and even to the world tennis. An incredible athletic career had seen the morning light. Was convinced to continue The seven year old Stefan struck his first hits at the tennis school in the sommer of 1973. To start with he played once a week. He liked his new sport but was close to quitting after the first term. -My friend wanted to quit,and so did I. But my trainer convinced me to continue, Stefan says with a smile on his face. The young Edberg soon became taken by the sport. Soon he played matches with the boys' team, and outside his home he played fantasy Davis Cup-matches. In the sommer holidays he almost lived at the tennis court. At the age of ten he stopped playing his two other sports, football and icehockey, and concentrated everything on tennis. Soon he won his first tournament, †Ostkustenspà ¤rla,† a very memorable victory for him. Star even in school But a couple of years went by before he †dared† to go in for tennis full time. He was in the ninth grade as took the big step and gave tennis the big chance. -I felt I had a serious chance of becoming a worldplayer. Because I had just won JEM and taken a set on Mats Wilander who was a professional player, Stefan says. But it couldn't have been an easy choice, because Stefan was also a very good student with an average about 4,3 after the ninth grade.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was better than all the others!!! The trainers at the club where he was training, Westerviks TK, quickly realized

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Schizophrenia is a class of disorders characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior. It is also known as a "split mind"; the person is in a world that has nothing to do with everyday experiences. One to one and a half percent of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with it sometime over the course of their lives. Schizophrenia has a pattern of unique and predictable symptoms. There are two main types of symptoms: positive and negative symptoms. The positive symptoms are delusions or hallucinations; negative symptoms are deficits in behavior or an inability to express emotion. But what exactly are these symptoms and are they easy to detect? The more obvious types of symptoms are the positive. One characteristic that is often experienced is delusions, which are known as thoughts with meanings that are unrealistic. For example, people with this disorder tend to believe that they are someone else in disguise such as Elvis or Jesus. Another type of delusion is the delusion of grandeur, which is when an individual believes that they are more important than they actually are. A less common but very real type of delusion is a delusion of persecution, which is when an individual is convinced that others are plotting against him. But even more severe is perceptions known as hallucinations. Hallucinations are perceptions that can not possibly be real because there is nothing external to support them; however, to the person affected, they can be heard, seen, or even felt. Some individuals may see objects change shape or size, which is not very unusual for someone with schizophrenia. On some occasions, individuals claim to hear voices in their heads, telling them to do or say certain things. These voices appear to be so real, that in some instances individuals where known to have committed suicide because that's what the voice told them to do. Less obvious than the positive symptoms but equally serious are the negative symptoms. It is very common for a person to show flat affect, which means they show little or no emotional reaction. If someone shows a person with this disorder an extremely funny movie or a very sad picture, they are unlikely to even smile or shed a tear. People with schizophrenia also refuse to participate in basic everyday activities. They may refuse to eat or wash themselves. Some other symptoms that are less common are disorganized speech and catatonia.

The Link between HIV and the Development of AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

The Link between HIV and the Development of AIDS The breakout of the AIDS pandemic during the early eighties is considered one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine. Twenty years after the first AIDS cases were recorded, we are far from developing a cure for this devastating pandemic. Although our knowledge of this condition remains limited, the vast majority of scientists now agree that the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the predominant cause of AIDS, and the notion that HIV equals AIDS is widely regarded as a fact by the general public. Since 1998, however, a group of dissenters led by Dr. Peter Duesberg has questioned the validity of this theory. Duesberg, an accredited biologist, believes that there is no cause and effect relationship between HIV and AIDS. Instead, he has proposed that drugs, recreational or prescribed, are responsible for the onset of AIDS in humans. Although his claims have been largely refuted by the scientific community, Duesberg has generated a large supporter base, which includes activist Christina Maggiore and South African President Thabo Mbeki. Since Duesberg's ideas were first introduced to the public in 1987, hundreds of HIV positive patients have followed the dissenter's advice and stopped taking available medication, even when there is no clear scientific evidence supporting his theory. Despite the gravity of the situation, the approach taken by the media and the scientific community has been to ignore the issues at hand, giving little to no coverage of this critical topic. Meanwhile, the number of dissenters continues to rise, as does the number of patients jeopardizing their lives. The first cases of the condition now known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) were reported in the United States in 1981, when five young males died from severe cases of pneumonia. At the time the disease was thought to be strongly associated with homosexuality and was known as the "gay cancer" or "gay pneumonia" (Duesberg 1996). The number of deaths under similar circumstances rose to over eight hundred in 1982, but it was not until 1984 that Dr. Robert Gallo successfully isolated the human immunodeficiency virus and declared it "the probable cause of AIDS" (Derbyshire 1997). No one has ever acquired AIDS symptoms without first having HIV. Over the past twenty years, our knowledge of HIV and AIDS has increased. We know that HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through blood transfusions and during pregnancy from mother to child.

Beneficial Effects of High School Sports on Athletes, Families, and Communities Essay

The beneficial effects of high school sports on athletes their families and communities are large. First of all I think there is a lot of pressure from parents when their kids are young to get involved in some sort of sports. For boys it is usually football they are throwing the ball with their dads when they are young and from there they go into a pop Warner league. So by the time they get to school most of these boys know how to play the game already. By playing the game of football in school it teaches boys how to play together as a team and to get along with their team mates. As football is a team sport they must learn to all focus on the same goal and that is winning. This is drilled into them from a very young age starting with the parents to the teachers and coaches. The team sport also teaches them how to be good sports when they lose as they learn from this that you can’t win all the time so you need how to lose as gracefully as you win. The sport also keeps the kids off of the streets and out of the gangs and gives them something to focus on and to look forward to. And in high school football these kids do not play for money they are playing to beat their rivals and for pride to be the best they can be. It also brings the community together in many ways first of all they all come together on Friday nights to watch the game. It’s like a social event where everybody gets to get together to talk and socialize. The community always comes together to support their high school football team, they have bake sales, car washes and many other events to help support their team. To be close to and involved in their children’s lives and the sports events they choose to support. The more support that the child gets the harder they try to be the best they can. Which is a good lesson for them to learn, something that will carry over into their adult life? The community also travels to away games to help support and cheer on their teams, and the money that is given to schools to help support the football team not only benefits the football team but the community by helping improve the facilities. This is money that the school board won’t have to charge to the community by way of higher taxes. So all in all everyone benefits from the donations that the boosters and alumni make to the school’s football programs and facilities. The children in the programs benefit because they learn leadership skills, communication skills they learn discipline they learn to be team players and they learn how to win and lose these are all skills that will help them all through their lives. At the games when half the town is there at the game and the school is playing their biggest rivalry all of the people there are all focusing on the same thing as the players and that is beating their rival. They feel like they are part of something big and important for the town and this bring everyone together as one.

When to Salute

When to salute Army personnel in uniform is required when you meet and recognize persons entitled by rank. Do not solute, when it is inappropriate or impractical, like in public conveyances such as planes and buses, in public places such as inside theaters, or when driving a vehicle. Salute is also rendered: (1) When the United States National Anthem, â€Å"To the Color,† â€Å"Hail to the Chief,† or foreign national anthems are played. (2) To uncase National Color outdoors. (3) On ceremonial occasions. (4) At reveille and retreat ceremonies, during the raising or lowering of the flag. 5) During the sounding of honors. (6) When pledging allegiance to the US flag outdoors. (7) When turning over control of formations. (8) When rendering reports. (9) To officers of friendly foreign countries. Salutes are not required when: (1) Indoors, except when reporting to an officer or when on duty as a guard. (2) A prisoner. (3) When is saluting is obviously inappropriate? Is when, a person carrying articles with both hands, or being otherwise so occupied as to make saluting impracticable, is not required to salute a senior person or return the salute to a subordinate. In any case not covered by specific instructions, the salute is rendered. (4) Either the senior or the subordinate is wearing civilian clothes is reporting Indoors. When reporting to an officer in his office, the soldier removes his headgear, knocks, and enters when told to do so. He approaches within two steps of the officer’s desk, halts, salutes, and reports, â€Å"Sir (Ma’am), Private Jones reports. † The salute is held until the report is completed and the salute has been returned by the officer. When the business is completed, the soldier salutes, holds the salute until it has been returned, executes the appropriate facing movement, and departs. When reporting indoors while carrying a weapon in your hands, by a sling or holster. The procedure is the same except that the headgear is not removed and the soldier renders the salute prescribed for the weapon with which he is armed. Reporting Outdoors; When reporting outdoors, the soldier moves rapidly toward the officer, halts approximately three steps from the officer, salutes, and reports. When the soldier is dismissed by the officer, salutes are again exchanged. If under arms, the soldier carries the weapon in the manner prescribed for saluting. Saluting officers in official vehicles by recognized individually by grade or identifying vehicle plates and/or flags, is considered an appropriate courtesy. Salutes are not required to be rendered by or to personnel who are driving or riding in privately owned vehicles except by gate guards, who render salutes to recognized officers in all vehicles unless their duties make the salute impractical. When military personnel are drivers of a moving vehicle, they do not initiate a salute In Formation; Individuals in formation do not salute or return salutes except at the command, †present, ARMS†. The individual in charge salutes and acknowledges salutes for the entire formation. Commanders of organizations or detachments that are not a part of a larger formation salute officers of higher grade by bringing the organization or detachment to attention before saluting. When in the field under battle or simulated battle conditions, the organization or detachment is not brought to attention. An individual in formation at ease or at rest comes to attention when addressed by an officer. Not in Formation; On the approach of an officer, a group of individuals not in formation is called to attention by the first person noticing the officer, and all come sharply to attention and salute. Individuals participating in games, and members of work details, do not salute. The individual in charge of a work detail, if not actively engaged, salutes and acknowledges salutes for the entire detail. A unit resting alongside a road does not come to attention upon the approach of an officer; however, if the officer addresses an individual (or group), the individual (or group) comes to attention and remains at attention (unless otherwise ordered) until the termination of the conversation, at which time the individual (or group) salutes the officer. Outdoors; Whenever and wherever the United States National Anthem, â€Å"To the Color,† â€Å"Reveille,† or â€Å"Hail to the Chief† is played, at the first note, all dismounted personnel in uniform and not in formation face the flag or the music, if the flag is not in view, stand at attention, and render the prescribed salute. The position of salute is held until the last note of the music is sounded. Military personnel not in uniform will stand at attention and remove headdress, if any, with the right hand. Then place the right hand over the heart. Vehicles in motion are brought to a halt. Persons riding in a passenger car or on a motorcycle dismount and salute. Occupants of other types of military vehicles and buses remain in the vehicle; the individual in charge of each vehicle dismounts and renders the hand salute. Tank and armored car commanders salute from the vehicle. When the National Anthem is played indoors, officers and enlisted personnel stand at attention and face the music or the flag if one is present. Last, Small flags carried by individuals, such as those carried by civilian spectators at a parade, are not saluted. It is improper to salute with any object in the right hand or with a cigarette, cigar, or pipe in the mouth. Officers and enlisted men under arms uncover only when; (1) Seated as a member of (or in attendance on) a court or board. (2) Entering places of divine worship. (3) In attendance at an official reception. b. Male personnel remove their headdress indoors. When outdoors, military headdress is never removed, or raised as a form of salutation. c. Female military personnel will remain covered at all times when it would be appropriate for civilian women at a similar function to wear a hat. They must wear headgear when in uniform outdoors if headgear is authorized.

Psychoanalysis and Transference

It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners or children (i. e. , cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance, or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue. A modern, social-cognitive perspective on transference, explains how it can occur in everyday life. When people meet a new person that reminds them of someone else, they unconsciously infer that the new person has traits similar to the person previously known. This perspective has generated a wealth of research that illuminated how people tend to repeat relationship patterns from the past in the present. High-profile serial killers often transfer unresolved rage toward previous love or hate-objects onto â€Å"surrogates,† or individuals resembling or otherwise calling to mind the original object of that hate. In the instance of Ted Bundy, he repeatedly killed brunette women who reminded him of a previous girlfriend with whom he had become infatuated, but who had ended the relationship, leaving Ted rejected and pathologically rageful. This notwithstanding, Bundy's behaviours could be considered pathological insofar as he may have had Narcissistic or Antisocial personality disorder. If so, normal transference mechanisms can not be held causative of his homicidal behavior. Sigmund Freud held that transference plays a large role in male homosexuality. In The Ego and the Id, he claimed that eroticism between males can be an outcome of a â€Å"[psychically] non-economic† hostility, which is unconsciously subverted into love and sexual attraction. There is, however, no empirical evidence for Freud's viewpoint, and this hypothesis of the development of homosexuality, and the belief that it can be treated or cured by psychoanalysis, has been discredited. Transference and countertransference during psychotherapy In a therapy context, transference refers to redirection of a patient's feelings for a significant person to the therapist. Transference is often manifested as an erotic attraction towards a therapist, but can be seen in many other forms such as rage, hatred, mistrust, parentification, extreme dependence, or even placing the therapist in a god-like or guru status. When Freud initially encountered transference in his therapy with patients, he thought he was encountering patient resistance, as he recognized the phenomenon when a patient refused to participate in a session of free association. But what he learned was that the analysis of the transference was actually the work that needed to be done: â€Å"the transference, which, whether affectionate or hostile, seemed in every case to constitute the greatest threat to the treatment, becomes its best tool†. The focus in psychodynamic psychotherapy is, in large part, the therapist and patient recognizing the transference relationship and exploring the relationship's meaning. Since the transference between patient and therapist happens on an unconscious level, psychodynamic therapists who are largely concerned with a patient's unconscious material use the transference to reveal unresolved conflicts patients have with childhood figures. Countertransference[11] is defined as redirection of a therapist's feelings toward a patient, or more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a patient. A therapist's attunement to their own countertransference is nearly as critical as understanding the transference. Not only does this help therapists regulate their emotions in the therapeutic relationship, but it also gives therapists valuable insight into what patients are attempting to elicit in them. For example, a therapist who is sexually attracted to a patient must understand the countertransference aspect (if any) of the attraction, and look at how the patient might be eliciting this attraction. Once any countertransference aspect has been identified, the therapist can ask the patient what his or her feelings are toward the therapist, and can explore how those feelings relate to unconscious motivations, desires, or fears. Another contrasting perspective on transference and countertransference is offered in Classical Adlerian psychotherapy. Rather than using the patient's transference strategically in therapy, the positive or negative transference is diplomatically pointed out and explained as an obstacle to cooperation and improvement. For the therapist, any signs of countertransference would suggest that his or her own personal training analysis needs to be continued to overcome these tendencies.

Od Interventions

Definition of od interventions: An OD intervention can be defined as â€Å"the set of structured activities in which selected organization units engage with a task or a sequence of tasks where the task goals are related directly or indirectly to organizational improvement † â€Å"A set of sequenced and planned actions or events intended to help the organisation increase its effectiveness†. In an od intervention the entire process of diagnosis, alternative generation and making action choices are jointly conducted and od will also examine the process of such diagnosis, action planning and implementation.Criteria for Effective Interventions: In OD three major criteria define the effectiveness of an intervention: 1. The Extent to Which it (the Intervention) fits the needs of the organization. 2. The degree to which it is based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes 3. The extent to which the OD intervention transfers change-management competence to organization members. Characteristics of od intervention: First An od intervention will focus on the organizational processes apart from the substantive content of an activity.Secondly an od intervention would generally focus on a work team as the unit of analysis and change towards effective behaviour Thirdly od would normally view change as an on-going process and would rely on a collaborative management of work culture Types of od interventions : These interventions can be clubbed into twelve groups and they are diagnostic, team-building, inter-group activities, survey feedback methods, education and training programmes, techno-structural activities, process consultation, the management grid, meditation and negotiation activities, coaching and counseling and planning and goal setting activities. ) Survey Feedback: It recounts to an approach survey through well planned assessment or Interviews. It covers the feedback to the customer organisation. It has a demand and significance in a genuine situation. The attitude survey can have a purpose to measure the process; for instance, communication, decision making and leadership at different levels. The data produced under this system is perceptual and attitudinal.. A review of the product is prepared in a group discussion.Generally feedback of results is specific to the group which prepares the data. As a result strategies are planned to resolve the organisational problems. Consequently, the process of survey feed back includes: collection of data, feedback, development of action plan and follow-up. Therefore, to ensure authentic results, the survey should be applicable and dependable. 2) Management Grid : The method urbanized by Robert Blake and Jane S. Mouton is a step to move toward. This Grid represents a rational support of managing people.Growth of management skills from beginning to end grid program involves wide range of included and instrumented activities are the ways having investigational and planned conditions. The member s are secondary to be pleased about the advances to integrate people and their invention. 3) Team Building: Team building is an attempt to assist the work group to identify, diagnose and solve its own problems. Actually groups develop their own norms of behaviour which pressurize the persons and group behaviour. Organisation is a system to interconnect with groups.OD considers that work groups are the teams which are spinning around to introduce changes in the organization. Team building actions are taken to develop a range of groups in an organization like permanent work teams, task forces, committees etc. Team building actions focus on finding, task achievement, team relationships and organisational process. The component groups in team building activity are: the external advisors, the group leader and the members of the group. In team building movement, associates meet and talk about troubles connecting to their coursework It obtain sincere and courageous argument.In the team bui lding movements, the associate adds the sequence relating to their personal observation of issues, problems and task relationship. 4) Sensitivity Training: It is known as training being carried out by creating an experimental laboratory circumstances where workers will be brought together to do something together in a formless environment. Sensitivity training helps in understanding people well again, to develop appreciation for others, to develop specific behavioral skills and to gain effective approach into the group development. It also aims at falling interpersonal confrontation.The main aim of sensitivity training is to split all the methods through the bond of silence and ease the expression of associates to emphasize on the process of debate to a certain extent than to fulfill the instructions. It is a method which proposes to have brain washing of persons. This training is accepted by formless groups without any agenda, leader and predetermined goals. The group is given inde pendence to expand their plans, contacts and on going process for interaction. Sensitivity training gives a technique to enable special knowledge and development. ) Four System Management : Rensis Likert’s four System Management has given four stage to represent the organizational values to include the essential collection of job bearing and people way. According to Likert management philosophy can be classified into four systems they are: i) Exploitative-Autocratic System ii) Benevolent Autocratic System iii) Consultative Democratic System and iv) Participative Democratic System. This theory explains that three basic concepts of system has four management which will help making the organization effective they are: ) To use the principle of supportive relationship in the organisation b) To use the group decision making and group methods of supervision in the organisation, and c) To emphasize more on the high performance goals. 6) Management by Objectives (MBO): It is another important tool of O. D and involves the process of educating the concerned persons about M. B. O, agreement upon clear cut quantifiable objectives, evaluation of objectives and feedback for deviation and coercive action. . M. B. O is wide-ranging overall managerial philosophies that focuses upon joint goal setting and synthesize the individual’s goal to organisational goals.The entire organization will have the feeling of unity as all levels of management of an organization are involved in goal setting. The programmes relating to M. B. O can be effective if they are properly implemented and needs the support of the top management. 7) Process Consultation: It can be described as the set of activities on the part of the consultant that helps the client to perceive, understand and act upon the process events that take place in the client’s environment. Process consultation concentrates on the analysis of process of activities like communication, leadership etc.It also aim s to attempts to develop initial contacts, define relationships, selecting the method of work, collection of data and diagnosis. Process consultation is a method of intervening in an on going system and is designed to change attitudes, values, interpersonal skills, group norms, and cohesiveness and other process variables. 8) Contingency Approach : This approach was given by P. Lawsence and J. Lorseh. It is based on the principle that an organisation is a multifaceted social system. Its behavior must be included into a united effort to enable it to cope with the environment.Theoretically individuals in different departments have different orientations related to the tasks they perform. Genuinely, the organisational units in their regular operations they are differentiated along with their direction. It appears that with the task discrimination coordination is not possible. According to contingency approach separation and combination are possible for total organisation’s effec tiveness with the help of integrative devices. To sum up, high organisational presentation is well-suited with the existence of both separation as well as combination which are required as per the stress of heir immediate environment. The contingency approach can be useful as an OD intervention in industrial organizations in the form of inter group argument meetings of concerned departmental persons. 9) Role Analysis : In the presentation of their individual roles persons manifest certain behaviour which may upset team efficiency. At times it is established that the persons are unambiguous about their own expected behaviour from the view point of other members of the team. In these circumstances the role analysis procedure is used to clarify the role expectations and obligations of the members of a team.The ensuing role requirements and the expected behavioral mechanism of each other help the member enjoy an equally acceptable behaviour in the team work. In this technique, the indiv idual role players analyze the focal role of the individuals. 10) Inter-group Activity : Meager interpersonal relations are not unusual features in organisational performance . Under these circumstances, inter-group motion spotlights to improve the relationships between the groups. It helps in the interaction and communication between the work groups which eventually avoids dysfunctional inimical competitiveness among them.Inter-group team building entails the procedure of discrimination and combination. 11) Organisation Mirroring: It monitors the activities of group of members and gets the feedback from the members of several other groups about how is it being professed. Organisational mirroring is used when there is complexity with other department in the organisation. A meeting is called and response is sought from other department. During the meeting the correct picture emerges which will determine many mistakes committed between two groups. 2) Third Party Peace Making Intervent ion: This intervention is the foundation of the thoughts to understand the conflicts and their resolutions at the interpersonal level. It helps to confront the method of resolving the conflicts takes place between two parties who are aware of the existence of the conflicts and want to confront the issues. The advisor as a third party must be accomplished in the art of identifies the conflicts and use confrontation as technique. This process focuses on four basic elements of conflicts they are : i) The conflict issues, (ii) The contributory circumstances, (iii) The conflict related behaviour, and (iv) The results of the conflict. 13) Job Design/Redesign : It is task -technology connected approach and aims at making changes in the work procedure of the groups of employees. Job design occupies a well planned reorganization of a job. On the whole it focuses to develop worker’s motivation, commitment, performance, job satisfaction etc. , through job enrichment, job engineering, jo b rotation, job enlargement and socio-technical system. 4) Quality Circles: Quality Circles are semi-autonomous work groups with six persons who volunteer to talk about and solve feature related problems during working hours. It has impact on working conditions, employee’s commitment and self development of employees. 15) Counselling : Counselling is the method to extend the help by a manager to his assistant to enhance his prospective. It plans at hypothesizing and empathize with the workers. It assists to bring about self consciousness in the worker about his capability. Single or group of interventions may be used to resolve the issues.Od intervention used in BHEL-BLOCK5 PAGE33-34(M) In order to develop & improve the effectiveness of the human resources in the Organisation, a committee called ‘Human Resources Committee’ was first constituted by BHEL in Bhopal in 1976. The committee is the central body and plays the central role in implementation of all OD effo rts. With the help of external and internal resource persons, a number of programmes/workshops have been Organised for the development of the members of this committee improving their problem solving capabilities and decision making.The range of OD interventions are described below. Job Redesign and Work commitment as an OD intervention In one of the BHEL units (Hardwar) Job redesign was taken up and as an OD intervention in 1975. This experiment was pursued for around 4 years and very encouraging results were obtained. i) A more satisfying job, due to increased variety and relief from boredom and monotony ii) Personal growth for all, by learning additional skills of other trends and acquiring leadership Qualities iii) Reduction in health/safety hazards iv) An atmosphere with less tension and jealousy ) An improved team spirit and morale resulting in improved communication and human relationship vi) Increased self esteem and pride among the workers. Workshops were conducted and it w as found to be very useful and threw up more questions for wider debate and discussions. By using survey method, a list of programmes or subjects or themes is sent to various. H. O. Ds who respond by ticking the appropriate ones for their executives. As a result of various diagnostic exercises some critical needs of training and development are identified.The workshops on various themes also give valuable idea of the areas requiring more thrust by way of training and development and specific training and development needs are thus identified. Based on role analysis a draft system with the following objectives has been circulated by the Corporate Personnel for the comments of Personnel/Training (HRD)/Divisional Heads. . Helping the executives to become more effective in their present and future jobs. . Enabling the executives to perform at optimum level by determining and meeting their growth needs. . Helping the executives to visualise their roles more clearly. Preventing the obsole scence of their technical and managerial skills. . Optimising the utilization of training resources by providing appropriate inputs. . Facilitating the design of need based programmes and identify the training and development needs. . Preparing data bank of capabilities required for various positions. . Facilitating job rotation, career and succession planning. Once implemented, it will provide a valuable data base for planning, training and development activities and identifying appropriate candidates for programmes. Performance Appraisal and Potenfial AppraisalIn BHEL it has remained so far that the role of superior was limited to evaluator or judge and the role of the appraisee was passive. Now the superiors role is being conceived as helper and counseller and the appraisee is encouraged to become more involved and committed in achieving the objectives. Performance feedback and Counselling The need and importance of performance feedback and counseling has been realized. Attempts are being made to cover maximum number of executives in various programme/workshops on performance feedback and counselling to enable them to practice it as an important tool for Human Resource Development.The supervisors also will be covered in such efforts. Career Planning and Development Time-cum-merit based promotion was practiced which is able to satisfy the individuals and organizational needs to a great extent. The employees are encouraged and helped to plan a career path. They are liberally sponsored to higher educational programmes in IIMS/IITs. Posted bySatish Raj Pathakat9:19 PM Labels:OD intervention Od intervention at NTPC

Central African Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Central African Republic - Essay Example Reports from humanitarian organizations providing assistance to the multitudes of displaced and wounded natives reveal the prevalence of countless human rights violations perpetrated by the conflicting parties. Understanding the etiology of ethnic conflict in the Central African Republic entails analyzing possible factors that instigated upheaval between natives in the region (Bouchard). Ethnic violence in the region predates the recent December 2012 violent attacks beginning in one year after the current President Franà §ois Bozizà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ascent to power in 2003. Michel Djotodia, leader of the UFDR based in the Northeastern region of the country instigated the Bush War, which involved indiscriminate violent attacks against the central government and its allies. Fighting spanned three years and finally ended in April 2007 after the signing of a peace treaty between rebel forces and the central government in Birao. All involved parties agreed to honor terms stipulated in the tre aty and work towards reconciliation. These included integration of rebel fighters into the central government’s army, a legitimization of UFDR, and provision of amnesty for the rebels affiliated with the UFDR. Amendments to the treaty occurred in 2009 resulting in the formation of a unity government and the setting of precise dates for the preceding local and presidential elections. Initially, both parties honored the terms of the agreement until President Bozizà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s re-election whereby, he returned to his inhumane treatment of the civilian population living in the country’s northern region. Torture, extra-judicial killings, and brutality against women and children propagated by the central government’s army became rampant in the northern region.

The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and Research Paper

The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and broadcast to interactive and web based - Research Paper Example This essay "The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and broadcast to interactive and web based" how advertisement is presented in various types of media, how it changed and how the advent of the Internet affected it. Traditional mass media involve advertising through the newspaper, books, magazines, radio and television. This type of advertising is one- to- many type of communication that does not allow direct feedback from the audiences. For instance when people read the magazines or turn on the television ,there is no way to directly respond to advertisements unless they write to or call the company themselves but this way they will be using another form of advertising. Radio advertising cost is very attractive advertising vehicle for many small business owners. Radio advertising has a wide scale appeal to consumers and it reaches thousand of target audience at the right time and right message. However, radio was primarily an entertainment medium and advertising is considered an interruption. This has resulted in an industry called satellite which provides entertainment without commercials because consumers are willing to pay for them. With the emergence of satellite radios the popularity of radio advertising is slowly decreasing. Radios have also evolved into entertainment source for background noise at work and for primarily driving. At homes, there has been a drop in radio use because people can play their CDs where they have the freedom to choose their music and programmes free of commercial interruption. This has led to low popularity in radio advertising. Television Advertising Television is a form of entertainment that brings the family together to enjoy public amusement without leaving home. Research has shown that an average person spends more time with the television than with newspaper and radio combined. This shows that television has a very huge audience making it the most powerful advertising choice for many manufacturers and retailers. This has been so for a very long time but all the same the television advertising is slowly dying. The television audience has been fragmented into few local channels where major companies would choose their advertiser but with the introduction of cable and satellite television the audience has further been fragmented into over 200 channels. This fragmentation has led to dramatic reduction of audience in the local channels. Television advertising has limited lifespan for any advertisement this makes the advertisers to not do their advertising on television because once the advertisement has aired its gone for good hence a viewer may not remember the advertisement after all. The television audience as well has a way of avoiding commercial interruption because there has been an introduction of TIVO, pay per view, public broadcasting stations and the multitude of satellite. This has seen a great number of audiences paying for those services because they are avoiding the commercial interruptions (Stafford, & Ronald, 2001,65). At homes, families are opting to watch a common movie as a form of entertainment since they are free of interruption. Although television advertising has decreased for the small business for the big businesses it is now possible to make world -wide advertisement this show that television advertisement has developed and has is yielding more benefits for

Summary Marketing Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary Marketing Plan - Term Paper Example The customers get an overall experience of having coffee along with shopping. Therefore, customers can either have coffee when sitting on a couch or while selecting the merchandizes from the shop. This marketing plan will first make a situational analysis for the cafe. In the situational analysis, the overall picture in terms of trends, statistics, size, growth and competition will be discussed. Also, a SWOT analysis will be performed for identifying the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the current industry. The report will also give an insight into the current competitors in the industry. A comprehensive explanation of the target market and product positioning will be discussed. Based on all these analyses, a marketing plan will be charted out for the cafe. Situational Analysis Cafe Gam Sung will be located in the Sunnyside neighborhood in New York City. Sunnyside is located in the western part of New York City. Sunnyside’s total population is 29,506 people. T hough majority of the population are Americans, a larger portion is also constituted of people from almost 30 countries. Therefore, Sunnyside is a place with very diverse cultural characteristics. The median income of the region is $37,962. The majority of the population in the area are of the age group of 25 – 39 years; they constitute up to 32% of the Sunnyside population. The next bigger group is 40 – 64 years old people forming around 30%. ... 40% fall below $30,000. Only a meager 1% has an annual income of higher than 150,000 (Movoto, 2012). Sunnyside is a market with a highly growing potential for coffee shops. The major opportunity in the market is that it contains a considerable portion of young population. The population of age groups 19 – 39 years is of great potential for the business. Another opportunity is the rapid development in the technology industry and the growing population that attempt to explore new and advanced devices to pursue the trend. The major threat will be Starbucks, which has a well-established outlet in Sunnyside. Apart from Starbucks, there are also various other coffee shops in the region which can pose a threat to Cafe Gam Sung. The strength of Cafe Gam Sung when compared to other players is that this is not an exclusive coffee shop. Cafe Gam Sung is a Coffee/Tea shop with a focus on technology merchandizes. The main weakness is that Cafe Gam Sung, being a new player, has less experti se in the field compared to the established players. Competitors Some of the major players in the Sunnyside are Starbucks, Baruir’s Coffee, Cafe Marlene and New Post Coffee Shop. Starbucks: Starbucks is the most established coffee shop in Sunnyside. The shop is so popular that people find it hard to get a seat because of the rush. Wi-Fi is also free at Starbucks Sunnyside. Therefore, customers usually spend more time at the shop. They also offer free refill of coffee when the customers spend more time in the shop. This Starbucks outlet also has a friendly staff. Servings are coffee and teas like in any other Starbucks outlet (Yelp, 2012). New Post Coffee Shop: New Post Coffee Shop also serves diners. But this place seems to be least preferred by the customers. People are

Personal Financial Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Financial Planning - Case Study Example She uses that amount to fund her monthly budget which according to appendix 1, indicates a deficit figure of $ 348. That is, the amount of Susan’s salary is insufficient to meet all her monthly expenses. The following recommendations have been made to help Susan increase her income. First she should start a cup cake business. Second, she should seek for a job at a restaurant on a night shift. Third, she could tutor elementary school pupils. Fourth, she should seek for a part time job in an adult day care facility. Last, she should work as a cashier at a local fashion store. On the other hand, the following recommendations have been made on areas of expenditure reduction: medical insurance, utilities, Child day care, credit cards, gas, and food. The adoption of the recommendations has proven to increase Susan’s income (appendix 2). Susan is capable of meeting all her monthly expenses. In addition, the analysis shows that she will have a budget surplus of $ 7,087. Therefore, Susan should consider the recommendations in order to improve her credit rating and financial situation. Susan, born in on April 7th, 1976, is aged thirty five years. She is a single parent with two children. Her first born child is Tina, born on August the twenty seven in the year two thousand and eight. Her second born child is Jeffrey, born on April the fourteenth the year two thousand and thirteen. As mentioned before, Susan is a single mother who was deserted by her husband. She encountered the misfortune after she was expectant of giving birth to Jeffrey. Since the painful misfortune occurred, she has never seen or heard from the father of her two children. This means that all the support of her two children are from other sources excluding her husband. Susan stays close to her parents residence. Her parents strive to help occasionally though they are not well off either. She had earlier thought of moving in with her parents, but the idea could not